Microsoft decided not to continue developing the rendering engine behind its Edge browser. This came as a bit of a shock, even though the browser admittedly was having difficulty picking up a significant audience. Microsoft will continue Edge, but it’ll run Google’s open-source Chromium rendering engine behind the scenes instead.
So what did Microsoft do wrong to see its once dominant browser drop to an insignificant number, and be reduced to an ongoing joke? Well, a lot, really.
First things first: I don’t think the average user will care about this. They just want a browser that works, and won’t notice if it’s running EdgeHTML (Microsoft’s rendering engine for Edge) or Chromium. Other browsers gave up the ghost and switched to Chromium, most notably Opera, which gave up its Presto engine years ago.
For a web developer, Microsoft’s decision either has them shrugging their shoulders in apathy, or deeply concerned about having an already large tech company controlling the web market again. But more on this later.
So back to where Microsoft made some major missteps, and how there probably wasn’t anything they could have done to change this course.
Enterprise
Although Internet Explorer floundered in the consumer realm, enterprise still held onto it stubbornly. Internet Explorer gave IT departments the ability to lock down enterprise portals via Windows Group Policy Editor. There’s also a heavy amount of legacy web apps that work only on older versions of Internet Explorer (much to the chagrin of web developers trying to modernize them).
Instead of Microsoft continuing to improve Internet Explorer, they decided to abandon it in all but name, switching all their development efforts to Edge. There were several problems with this though that made enterprises unable to fully embrace it.
First of all, Edge is a Windows 10 exclusive. Anyone working for a Fortune 500, FTSE 100, or any large established company knows how hesitant they are to upgrade. And they have legitimate reasons not to do so. Adopting a new operating system not only cost time and money, but also involves retraining staff and hoping that existing portals and servers work with it.
Large companies didn’t upgrade to Windows 10, and were limited to Windows 7. This was fine in 2015, when Microsoft stopped supporting Internet Explorer, but several years has passed, and Internet Explorer became increasingly dated compared to Firefox and Chrome. Google saw an opportunity here, and began to offer tools that provided IT departments worldwide controls that functioned like Windows Group Policy Editor. Now when they switch to Windows 10, there’s little incentive for them to switch to Edge as well. Chrome already has all the tools IT needs: it runs on Windows 7 and Windows 10, and it renders everything online correctly compared to Internet Explorer. It’s almost as if Microsoft didn’t realize they still had customers that were dependent on Microsoft’s browser.
Now I get why supporting Internet Explorer in the long run probably wouldn’t be a good thing. It had a lot of legacy code that could be exploited easily. But supporting it would have kept Internet Explorer alive in the enterprise world, rather than dying a slow death.
Consumer
On the consumer side, Edge failed mostly because it didn’t offer anything new that Chrome or Firefox didn’t do already. Not only that, but when it launched, it was an unfinished browser. Internet Explorer’s biggest problem was the lack of extension support. Edge didn’t support extensions until a year after it launched, and then only allowed selected extensions. Today Edge extensions hover around the hundreds, far fewer than extensions on Chrome and Firefox.
Microsoft marketed Edge as having a better battery life compared to Chrome and Firefox. But the battery gains were negligible. Eventually, Chrome launched with better battery support, and the negligible gains became microscopic.
Microsoft also touted the Cortana integrations. But the truth of the matter is most consumers see AI assistants as a gimmick as best, and a parlor trick on average. Your average consumer doesn’t care that Google Now doesn’t integrate with Chrome (at least on the desktop). Plus, Cortana eventually would have to use Bing to show results, which itself has a toxic branding (although it comes from being in a Catch-22 scenario of few users).
Why search for something online with Edge using Bing as its default, when you could just easily run the same query on Chrome and have it return a Google result? Sure, you can change your search engine in Edge, but the average consumer is just going to use what the browser provides. And they rather switch to their preferred browser that works as expected than learn to use another browser.
Mobile
Windows Phone was a failure. And I say that as a proud former owner of a Nokia Lumia 1020. Most of the web browser growth in the past decade came from iOS and Android. And consumers used the default browsers on their phones out of laziness. Microsoft tried their best to get Windows Phone established, but they launched too late, and never could make up the app gap once mobile developers settled into iOS and Android as their preferred platforms to support.
Had Windows Phone been around, it would have helped Edge adoption rates. With the exception of China, Chrome grew worldwide because it was packaged as a default browser in every Android device (although recent legislation from Europe might stem that growth). And Safari still has a sizeable chunk of the web browser market because Apple made Safari’s rendering engine the default. Yes, even your Chrome browser on iOS is just Safari with a coat of paint on it.
Plus Windows Phone would have made more sense for Edge’s long-term strategy. It would have given Windows users tighter integration with their desktop environment, much in the same way that Chrome and Safari talk to each other from desktop to mobile. And it would have helped consumers familiarize themselves with the brand in a way that desktop, with its freedom of choice, simply couldn’t.
Apathy
In the end, what cost Microsoft their dominance in the browser market was Microsoft not caring about browsers in the first place. Internet Explorer 6 was a terrible browser. When Firefox launched, it showed the world that web browsers didn’t have to suck. Microsoft never put enough energy into trying to be better than it, only making changes when they felt it was expedient. By the time Google launched Chrome, Microsoft was finally starting to figure out that they needed to put more energy into Internet Explorer.
But the damage was done. Chrome and Firefox updated faster, due to using an evergreen system not tied to the operating system itself. Internet Explorer only could update via major operating system upgrades. Eventually, Google began using its dominance in platforms like its eponymous search engine, Youtube, and Google Drive, to push Chrome down the throats of every person that visited them.
Users complained about Internet Explorer. They pointed out the issues it had. Some went beyond your typical online trolling and provided reasonable suggestions to fix it. Microsoft either ignored them or took a very long time to implement them. So users responded to Microsoft not caring by adopting another browser. Edge was too little, too late, and too confusing for anyone on both the consumer and enterprise realms to care about.
What does this mean in the long run?
Chromium already was the de-facto web standard, whether anyone wanted to admit that or not. With Microsoft eventually adopting Chromium to run Edge, it makes it something you can’t avoid.
For web developers, this is both a good thing and a bad thing. It’s good for web developers that don’t want to test for Internet Explorer or Edge. Now they’ll have one less browser to worry about. One less headache that might have them spending hours or even days trying to fix a simple problem.
It’s a bad thing in the long run, though, because now you have one company deciding how the web should look. And it’s starting to happen already. Google has sites that only work in Chrome, even if it’s only temporary. Google Earth is a prime example.
Chromium being open-sourced means that Microsoft can contribute to the code, and help to make improvements that Google wasn’t able to make. But in the end, Google controls the pull requests for Chromium, and can decide what they will and won’t accept.
And for lazy developers, there’s less of a reason to test cross-browser. If it works on Chromium, it most likely will work with WebKit (Safari’s web rendering engine), and that will cover close to 90-percent of the market. Why bother testing for browsers like Firefox, which remains the sole alternative browser engine? Developers can take advantage of Chromium specific tools that won’t work on Firefox, and get the desired results they want.
I don’t see how Firefox can compete in a browser world dominated by Google’s rendering engine. Firefox’s numbers already were falling worldwide, and its main source of revenue ironically comes from Google (it’s the default search engine). It doesn’t have the resources or the dollars to keep up with the juggernaut from Mountain View.
It wasn’t good when Microsoft dominated the market with Internet Explorer, and it won’t be good to have Chromium dominating either. The good thing about this, though, is that Chromium is open-source. Google has been very good at updating it, and if someone doesn’t like it, they can fork it and create a new browser. It’s not exactly like when Internet Explorer wasn’t updated for several years.
If you’re a fan of open-source software, it’s ironic to be lamenting the death of perhaps one of the most closed-source software to exist on Earth. But the lack of software diversity is something to worry about.